Jack Ruby Emojis & Text

Comparing Kennedy's death to Lincoln's gives you a host of weird coincidences. Some examples are: Both Presidents were shot in the head, on the Friday before a major holiday, whilst seated beside their wives, neither of whom were injured Both were in the presence of another couple, and in each case that man was also wounded by the assassin. After both assassinations there were loud and insistent claims that the fatal shot must have come from a different direction. Each President in his thirties married a socailly prominent twenty-four year old girl who spoke French fluently. Both had been boat captains. Both were related to a U.S. Senator, Attorney General, ambassador to Great Britain, and the mayor of Boston. Each had been elected to Congress in the year '47 and were vice-presidential runners-up in the year '56. Each was elected president in '60. Both had a friend named Billy Graham and knew an Adlai Stevenson. President Kennedy had a secretary named Mrs. Lincoln and President Lincoln had a secretary named John Kennedy. The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters. Both were succeeded by vice-presidents named Johnson: Andrew born in 1808 and Lyndon in 1908, both of whom had 13 letters in their names Both assassins have fifteen letters in their names. Booth shot Lincoln in a theatre and fled to a warehouse. Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theatre. Both assassins have fifteen letters in their names. Booth shot Lincoln in a theatre and fled to a warehouse. Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theatre. Both assassins were in turn assassinated by shooters who used a Colt revolver and fired only one, fatal shot. The two assassins were born 100 years apart from each other - 1839 and 1939, similar to Lincoln and Kennedy’s parallel career timelines. As is tradition, both Lincoln and Kennedy were succeeded by their vice presidents. However, both successors shared a surname: Andrew Johnson and Lyndon B. Johnson. The two successors were born a century apart from each other in 1808 and 1908. JOHN F. KENNEDY had a secretary named Evelyn LINCOLN whose husband was named Harold "Abe" LINCOLN and who was in the motorcade when Kennedy was assassinated. Did you know that John Wilkes Booth was born in 1839 and Lee Harvey Oswald was born in 1939?

Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ /ˈfₗɒᵣɪdə/ ₍ₛₚₐₙᵢₛₕ fₒᵣ "ₗₐₙd ₒf fₗₒwₑᵣₛ"₎ ᵢₛ ₜₕₑ ₛₒᵤₜₕₑᵣₙₘₒₛₜ ₛₜₐₜₑ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₛₒᵤₜₕₑₐₛₜₑᵣₙ ᵣₑgᵢₒₙ ₒf ₜₕₑ ᵤₙᵢₜₑd ₛₜₐₜₑₛ. ₜₕₑ ₛₜₐₜₑ ᵢₛ bₒᵣdₑᵣₑd ₜₒ ₜₕₑ wₑₛₜ by ₜₕₑ Gᵤₗf ₒf ₘₑₓᵢcₒ ₐₙd ₐₗₐbₐₘₐ, ₜₒ ₜₕₑ ₙₒᵣₜₕ by ₐₗₐbₐₘₐ ₐₙd Gₑₒᵣgᵢₐ, ₜₒ ₜₕₑ ₑₐₛₜ by ₜₕₑ ₐₜₗₐₙₜᵢc ₒcₑₐₙ, ₐₙd ₜₒ ₜₕₑ ₛₒᵤₜₕ by ₜₕₑ ₛₜᵣₐᵢₜₛ ₒf Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ. Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ᵢₛ ₜₕₑ ₂₂ₙd₋ₘₒₛₜ ₑₓₜₑₙₛᵢᵥₑ, ₜₕₑ ₃ᵣd₋ₘₒₛₜ ₚₒₚᵤₗₒᵤₛ ₐₙd ₜₕₑ ₈ₜₕ₋ₘₒₛₜ dₑₙₛₑₗy ₚₒₚᵤₗₐₜₑd ₒf ₜₕₑ ᵤ.ₛ. ₛₜₐₜₑₛ. ⱼₐcₖₛₒₙᵥᵢₗₗₑ ᵢₛ ₜₕₑ ₘₒₛₜ ₚₒₚᵤₗₒᵤₛ ₘᵤₙᵢcᵢₚₐₗᵢₜy ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₛₜₐₜₑ ₐₙd ₜₕₑ ₗₐᵣgₑₛₜ cᵢₜy by ₐᵣₑₐ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ cₒₙₜᵢgᵤₒᵤₛ ᵤₙᵢₜₑd ₛₜₐₜₑₛ ₍dᵤₑ ₜₒ ₜₕₑ cₒₙₛₒₗᵢdₐₜᵢₒₙ ₒf ⱼₐcₖₛₒₙᵥᵢₗₗₑ wᵢₜₕ Dᵤᵥₐₗ Cₒᵤₙₜy₎. ₜₕₑ ₘᵢₐₘᵢ ₘₑₜᵣₒₚₒₗᵢₜₐₙ ₐᵣₑₐ ᵢₛ Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ'ₛ ₘₒₛₜ ₚₒₚᵤₗₒᵤₛ ᵤᵣbₐₙ ₐᵣₑₐ. ₜₐₗₗₐₕₐₛₛₑₑ ᵢₛ ₜₕₑ ₛₜₐₜₑ'ₛ cₐₚᵢₜₐₗ. ₐbₒᵤₜ ₜwₒ₋ₜₕᵢᵣdₛ ₒf Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ₒccᵤₚᵢₑₛ ₐ ₚₑₙᵢₙₛᵤₗₐ bₑₜwₑₑₙ ₜₕₑ Gᵤₗf ₒf ₘₑₓᵢcₒ ₐₙd ₜₕₑ ₐₜₗₐₙₜᵢc ₒcₑₐₙ. Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ₕₐₛ ₜₕₑ ₗₒₙgₑₛₜ cₒₐₛₜₗᵢₙₑ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ cₒₙₜᵢgᵤₒᵤₛ ᵤₙᵢₜₑd ₛₜₐₜₑₛ, ₐₚₚᵣₒₓᵢₘₐₜₑₗy ₁,₃₅₀ ₘᵢₗₑₛ ₍₂,₁₇₀ ₖₘ₎, ₙₒₜ ᵢₙcₗᵤdᵢₙg ₜₕₑ cₒₙₜᵣᵢbᵤₜᵢₒₙ ₒf ₜₕₑ ₘₐₙy bₐᵣᵣᵢₑᵣ ᵢₛₗₐₙdₛ. ᵢₜ ᵢₛ ₜₕₑ ₒₙₗy ₛₜₐₜₑ ₜₕₐₜ bₒᵣdₑᵣₛ bₒₜₕ ₜₕₑ Gᵤₗf ₒf ₘₑₓᵢcₒ ₐₙd ₜₕₑ ₐₜₗₐₙₜᵢc ₒcₑₐₙ. ₘᵤcₕ ₒf ₜₕₑ ₛₜₐₜₑ ᵢₛ ₐₜ ₒᵣ ₙₑₐᵣ ₛₑₐ ₗₑᵥₑₗ ₐₙd ᵢₛ cₕₐᵣₐcₜₑᵣᵢzₑd by ₛₑdᵢₘₑₙₜₐᵣy ₛₒᵢₗ. Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ₕₐₛ ₜₕₑ ₗₒwₑₛₜ ₕᵢgₕ ₚₒᵢₙₜ ₒf ₐₙy ᵤ.ₛ. ₛₜₐₜₑ. ₜₕₑ cₗᵢₘₐₜₑ ᵥₐᵣᵢₑₛ fᵣₒₘ ₛᵤbₜᵣₒₚᵢcₐₗ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₙₒᵣₜₕ ₜₒ ₜᵣₒₚᵢcₐₗ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₛₒᵤₜₕ. ₜₕₑ ₐₘₑᵣᵢcₐₙ ₐₗₗᵢgₐₜₒᵣ, ₐₘₑᵣᵢcₐₙ cᵣₒcₒdᵢₗₑ, Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ₚₐₙₜₕₑᵣ, ₐₙd ₘₐₙₐₜₑₑ cₐₙ bₑ fₒᵤₙd ᵢₙ ₑᵥₑᵣgₗₐdₑₛ ₙₐₜᵢₒₙₐₗ ₚₐᵣₖ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₛₒᵤₜₕₑᵣₙ ₚₐᵣₜ ₒf ₜₕₑ ₛₜₐₜₑ. Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ᵢₛ ₒₙₑ ₒf ₒₙₗy ₜwₒ ₛₜₐₜₑₛ ₜₕₐₜ ₕₐₛ ₐ ₜᵣₒₚᵢcₐₗ cₗᵢₘₐₜₑ, ₜₕₑ ₒₜₕₑᵣ ₒₙₑ ᵢₛ ₕₐwₐᵢᵢ ₐₙd ᵢₛ ₜₕₑ ₒₙₗy cₒₙₜᵢₙₑₙₜₐₗ ᵤ.ₛ. ₛₜₐₜₑ wᵢₜₕ ₐ ₜᵣₒₚᵢcₐₗ cₗᵢₘₐₜₑ. ₛᵢₙcₑ ₜₕₑ fᵢᵣₛₜ ₑᵤᵣₒₚₑₐₙ cₒₙₜₐcₜ wₐₛ ₘₐdₑ ᵢₙ ₁₅₁₃ by ₛₚₐₙᵢₛₕ ₑₓₚₗₒᵣₑᵣ ⱼᵤₐₙ ₚₒₙcₑ dₑ ₗₑóₙ – wₕₒ ₙₐₘₑd ᵢₜ ₗₐ Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ₍[ₗₐ fₗₒˈɾᵢðₐ] "ₗₐₙd ₒf fₗₒwₑᵣₛ"₎ ᵤₚₒₙ ₗₐₙdᵢₙg ₜₕₑᵣₑ ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₑₐₛₜₑᵣ ₛₑₐₛₒₙ, ₚₐₛcᵤₐ Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ – Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ wₐₛ ₐ cₕₐₗₗₑₙgₑ fₒᵣ ₜₕₑ ₑᵤᵣₒₚₑₐₙ cₒₗₒₙᵢₐₗ ₚₒwₑᵣₛ bₑfₒᵣₑ ᵢₜ gₐᵢₙₑd ₛₜₐₜₑₕₒₒd ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ᵤₙᵢₜₑd ₛₜₐₜₑₛ ᵢₙ ₁₈₄₅. ᵢₜ wₐₛ ₐ ₚᵣᵢₙcᵢₚₐₗ ₗₒcₐₜᵢₒₙ ₒf ₜₕₑ ₛₑₘᵢₙₒₗₑ Wₐᵣₛ ₐgₐᵢₙₛₜ ₜₕₑ ₙₐₜᵢᵥₑ ₐₘₑᵣᵢcₐₙₛ, ₐₙd ᵣₐcᵢₐₗ ₛₑgᵣₑgₐₜᵢₒₙ ₐfₜₑᵣ ₜₕₑ ₐₘₑᵣᵢcₐₙ Cᵢᵥᵢₗ Wₐᵣ. ₜₒdₐy, Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ᵢₛ dᵢₛₜᵢₙcₜᵢᵥₑ fₒᵣ ᵢₜₛ ₗₐᵣgₑ Cᵤbₐₙ ₑₓₚₐₜᵣᵢₐₜₑ cₒₘₘᵤₙᵢₜy ₐₙd ₕᵢgₕ ₚₒₚᵤₗₐₜᵢₒₙ gᵣₒwₜₕ, ₐₛ wₑₗₗ ₐₛ fₒᵣ ᵢₜₛ ᵢₙcᵣₑₐₛᵢₙg ₑₙᵥᵢᵣₒₙₘₑₙₜₐₗ ᵢₛₛᵤₑₛ. ₜₕₑ ₛₜₐₜₑ'ₛ ₑcₒₙₒₘy ᵣₑₗᵢₑₛ ₘₐᵢₙₗy ₒₙ ₜₒᵤᵣᵢₛₘ, ₐgᵣᵢcᵤₗₜᵤᵣₑ, ₐₙd ₜᵣₐₙₛₚₒᵣₜₐₜᵢₒₙ, wₕᵢcₕ dₑᵥₑₗₒₚₑd ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₗₐₜₑ ₁₉ₜₕ cₑₙₜᵤᵣy. Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ᵢₛ ₐₗₛₒ ᵣₑₙₒwₙₑd fₒᵣ ₐₘᵤₛₑₘₑₙₜ ₚₐᵣₖₛ, ₒᵣₐₙgₑ cᵣₒₚₛ, ₜₕₑ ₖₑₙₙₑdy ₛₚₐcₑ Cₑₙₜₑᵣ, ₐₙd ₐₛ ₐ ₚₒₚᵤₗₐᵣ dₑₛₜᵢₙₐₜᵢₒₙ fₒᵣ ᵣₑₜᵢᵣₑₑₛ.

⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢉⢉⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠠⡰⣕⣗⣷⣧⣀⣅⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣠⣳⣟⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⣜⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠄⣳⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣝⠖⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠄⢢⡹⣿⢷⣯⢿⢷⡫⣗⠍⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⢄⠤⣁⠋⠿⣗⣟⡯⡏⢎⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠄⢔⢕⣯⣿⣿⡲⡤⡄⡤⠄⡀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠇⠠⡳⣯⣿⣿⣾⢵⣫⢎⢎⠆⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠄⢨⣫⣿⣿⡿⣿⣻⢎⡗⡕⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠄⢜⢾⣾⣿⣿⣟⣗⢯⡪⡳⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠄⢸⢽⣿⣷⣿⣻⡮⡧⡳⡱⡁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡄⢨⣻⣽⣿⣟⣿⣞⣗⡽⡸⡐⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⢀⢗⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣞⡵⡣⣊⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡀⡣⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡯⡺⣼⠎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⠐⡵⣻⣟⣯⣿⣷⣟⣝⢞⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢘⡺⣽⢿⣻⣿⣗⡷⣹⢩⢃⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠪⣯⣟⣿⢯⣿⣻⣜⢎⢆⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠄⢣⣻⣽⣿⣿⣟⣾⡮⡺⡸⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠄⢕⡳⣽⡾⣿⢽⣯⡿⣮⢚⣅⠹⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠋⠄⠄⠄⠄⢀⠒⠝⣞⢿⡿⣿⣽⢿⡽⣧⣳⡅⠌⠻⣿ ⠁⠄⠄⠄⠄⠄⠐⡐⠱⡱⣻⡻⣝⣮⣟⣿⣻⣟⣻⡺⣊

👨▄︻デ══━一🇺🇸👨

Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ cᵤₗₜᵤᵣₑ ᵢₛ ₐ ᵣₑfₗₑcₜᵢₒₙ ₒf ᵢₙfₗᵤₑₙcₑₛ ₐₙd ₘᵤₗₜᵢₚₗₑ ᵢₙₕₑᵣᵢₜₐₙcₑ; ₐfᵣᵢcₐₙ, ₑᵤᵣₒₚₑₐₙ, ᵢₙdᵢgₑₙₒᵤₛ, ₐₙd ₗₐₜᵢₙₒ ₕₑᵣᵢₜₐgₑₛ cₐₙ bₑ fₒᵤₙd ᵢₙ ₜₕₑ ₐᵣcₕᵢₜₑcₜᵤᵣₑ ₐₙd cᵤᵢₛᵢₙₑ. Fₗₒᵣᵢdₐ ₕₐₛ ₐₜₜᵣₐcₜₑd ₘₐₙy wᵣᵢₜₑᵣₛ ₛᵤcₕ ₐₛ ₘₐᵣⱼₒᵣᵢₑ ₖᵢₙₙₐₙ ᵣₐwₗᵢₙgₛ, ₑᵣₙₑₛₜ ₕₑₘᵢₙgwₐy ₐₙd ₜₑₙₙₑₛₛₑₑ Wᵢₗₗᵢₐₘₛ, ₐₙd cₒₙₜᵢₙᵤₑₛ ₜₒ ₐₜₜᵣₐcₜ cₑₗₑbᵣᵢₜᵢₑₛ ₐₙd ₐₜₕₗₑₜₑₛ. ᵢₜ ᵢₛ ᵢₙₜₑᵣₙₐₜᵢₒₙₐₗₗy ₖₙₒwₙ fₒᵣ gₒₗf, ₜₑₙₙᵢₛ, ₐᵤₜₒ ᵣₐcᵢₙg ₐₙd wₐₜₑᵣ ₛₚₒᵣₜₛ.

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡌⠆⠄⠒⠒⠒⠒⠠⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠖⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢦⢤⣤⣖⡶⠼⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠒⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣄⡀⠴⢾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠦⠈⠛⠓⠈⠈⠉⠀⣀⣀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢂⡰⠴⢶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡏⢉⡃⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⢀⡴⢖⠖⢬⣻⣖⣠⣷⣤⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣏⣦⣧⠌⠋⣼⣄⣄⢸⣦⣤⣴⣦⣾⣦⣀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣄⣤⡣⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⡸⠜⠋⠀⠀⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠔⠃⠀⠀⠈⡔⠃⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡟⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠐⠀⠀⠘⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣒⠐⡠⠀⠀⠘⢾⡟⣧⡰⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣭⣡⠔⢺⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠓⠈⢀⣰⣆⣰⣏⡚⣏⡀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⠃⢀⡞⢹⢃⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠊⠀⢰⣿⠉⢉⣟⢋⡉⠉⣹⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⠀⢾⠗⠋⠡⣸⢃⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡧⢄⠁⠑⠂⠛⠉⠋⠉⠀⡁⣷⡞⡩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇ ⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠟⠈⢿⡀⠀⢼⢿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣳⣧⠘⣷⣬⣻⡶⡅⡠⡆⡞⠰⠏⢃⡽⠾⢣⢸⡍⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢀⠀⠈⡱⡀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⣟⣾⡤⡆⠈⡵⣷⣭⢏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 /ˈ𝕗𝕝ɒ𝕣ɪ𝕕ə/ (𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 𝕗𝕠𝕣 "𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕠𝕗 𝕗𝕝𝕠𝕨𝕖𝕣𝕤") 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕠𝕦𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕟𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕠𝕦𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕟 𝕣𝕖𝕘𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕌𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤. 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕚𝕤 𝕓𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕠 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕨𝕖𝕤𝕥 𝕓𝕪 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔾𝕦𝕝𝕗 𝕠𝕗 𝕄𝕖𝕩𝕚𝕔𝕠 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝔸𝕝𝕒𝕓𝕒𝕞𝕒, 𝕥𝕠 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕟𝕠𝕣𝕥𝕙 𝕓𝕪 𝔸𝕝𝕒𝕓𝕒𝕞𝕒 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝔾𝕖𝕠𝕣𝕘𝕚𝕒, 𝕥𝕠 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕥 𝕓𝕪 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔸𝕥𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕔 𝕆𝕔𝕖𝕒𝕟, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕠 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕠𝕦𝕥𝕙 𝕓𝕪 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕊𝕥𝕣𝕒𝕚𝕥𝕤 𝕠𝕗 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝟚𝟚𝕟𝕕-𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥 𝕖𝕩𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕚𝕧𝕖, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝟛𝕣𝕕-𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥 𝕡𝕠𝕡𝕦𝕝𝕠𝕦𝕤 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝟠𝕥𝕙-𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥 𝕕𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖𝕝𝕪 𝕡𝕠𝕡𝕦𝕝𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕌.𝕊. 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤. 𝕁𝕒𝕔𝕜𝕤𝕠𝕟𝕧𝕚𝕝𝕝𝕖 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥 𝕡𝕠𝕡𝕦𝕝𝕠𝕦𝕤 𝕞𝕦𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕚𝕡𝕒𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕪 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕝𝕒𝕣𝕘𝕖𝕤𝕥 𝕔𝕚𝕥𝕪 𝕓𝕪 𝕒𝕣𝕖𝕒 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕘𝕦𝕠𝕦𝕤 𝕌𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤 (𝕕𝕦𝕖 𝕥𝕠 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕤𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕕𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕁𝕒𝕔𝕜𝕤𝕠𝕟𝕧𝕚𝕝𝕝𝕖 𝕨𝕚𝕥𝕙 𝔻𝕦𝕧𝕒𝕝 ℂ𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕥𝕪). 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕄𝕚𝕒𝕞𝕚 𝕞𝕖𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕒𝕟 𝕒𝕣𝕖𝕒 𝕚𝕤 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒'𝕤 𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥 𝕡𝕠𝕡𝕦𝕝𝕠𝕦𝕤 𝕦𝕣𝕓𝕒𝕟 𝕒𝕣𝕖𝕒. 𝕋𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕒𝕙𝕒𝕤𝕤𝕖𝕖 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖'𝕤 𝕔𝕒𝕡𝕚𝕥𝕒𝕝. 𝔸𝕓𝕠𝕦𝕥 𝕥𝕨𝕠-𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕣𝕕𝕤 𝕠𝕗 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕠𝕔𝕔𝕦𝕡𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕒 𝕡𝕖𝕟𝕚𝕟𝕤𝕦𝕝𝕒 𝕓𝕖𝕥𝕨𝕖𝕖𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔾𝕦𝕝𝕗 𝕠𝕗 𝕄𝕖𝕩𝕚𝕔𝕠 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔸𝕥𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕔 𝕆𝕔𝕖𝕒𝕟. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕙𝕒𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕝𝕠𝕟𝕘𝕖𝕤𝕥 𝕔𝕠𝕒𝕤𝕥𝕝𝕚𝕟𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕘𝕦𝕠𝕦𝕤 𝕌𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤, 𝕒𝕡𝕡𝕣𝕠𝕩𝕚𝕞𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕝𝕪 𝟙,𝟛𝟝𝟘 𝕞𝕚𝕝𝕖𝕤 (𝟚,𝟙𝟟𝟘 𝕜𝕞), 𝕟𝕠𝕥 𝕚𝕟𝕔𝕝𝕦𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕣𝕚𝕓𝕦𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕞𝕒𝕟𝕪 𝕓𝕒𝕣𝕣𝕚𝕖𝕣 𝕚𝕤𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕤. 𝕀𝕥 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕠𝕟𝕝𝕪 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕥𝕙𝕒𝕥 𝕓𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕤 𝕓𝕠𝕥𝕙 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔾𝕦𝕝𝕗 𝕠𝕗 𝕄𝕖𝕩𝕚𝕔𝕠 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔸𝕥𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕔 𝕆𝕔𝕖𝕒𝕟. 𝕄𝕦𝕔𝕙 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕚𝕤 𝕒𝕥 𝕠𝕣 𝕟𝕖𝕒𝕣 𝕤𝕖𝕒 𝕝𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕚𝕤 𝕔𝕙𝕒𝕣𝕒𝕔𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕫𝕖𝕕 𝕓𝕪 𝕤𝕖𝕕𝕚𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕣𝕪 𝕤𝕠𝕚𝕝. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕙𝕒𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕝𝕠𝕨𝕖𝕤𝕥 𝕙𝕚𝕘𝕙 𝕡𝕠𝕚𝕟𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝕒𝕟𝕪 𝕌.𝕊. 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖. 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕝𝕚𝕞𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕧𝕒𝕣𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕗𝕣𝕠𝕞 𝕤𝕦𝕓𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕟𝕠𝕣𝕥𝕙 𝕥𝕠 𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕠𝕦𝕥𝕙. 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝔸𝕞𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟 𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕚𝕘𝕒𝕥𝕠𝕣, 𝔸𝕞𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟 𝕔𝕣𝕠𝕔𝕠𝕕𝕚𝕝𝕖, 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕞𝕒𝕟𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕖 𝕔𝕒𝕟 𝕓𝕖 𝕗𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕 𝕚𝕟 𝔼𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕘𝕝𝕒𝕕𝕖𝕤 ℕ𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟𝕒𝕝 ℙ𝕒𝕣𝕜 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕠𝕦𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕟 𝕡𝕒𝕣𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕚𝕤 𝕠𝕟𝕖 𝕠𝕗 𝕠𝕟𝕝𝕪 𝕥𝕨𝕠 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕒𝕥 𝕙𝕒𝕤 𝕒 𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝 𝕔𝕝𝕚𝕞𝕒𝕥𝕖, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕠𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣 𝕠𝕟𝕖 𝕚𝕤 ℍ𝕒𝕨𝕒𝕚𝕚 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕚𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕠𝕟𝕝𝕪 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕝 𝕌.𝕊. 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕨𝕚𝕥𝕙 𝕒 𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝 𝕔𝕝𝕚𝕞𝕒𝕥𝕖. 𝕊𝕚𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕗𝕚𝕣𝕤𝕥 𝔼𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕟 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕔𝕥 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕞𝕒𝕕𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝟙𝟝𝟙𝟛 𝕓𝕪 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 𝕖𝕩𝕡𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕖𝕣 𝕁𝕦𝕒𝕟 ℙ𝕠𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝕕𝕖 𝕃𝕖ó𝕟 – 𝕨𝕙𝕠 𝕟𝕒𝕞𝕖𝕕 𝕚𝕥 𝕃𝕒 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 ([𝕝𝕒 𝕗𝕝𝕠ˈɾ𝕚ð𝕒] "𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕠𝕗 𝕗𝕝𝕠𝕨𝕖𝕣𝕤") 𝕦𝕡𝕠𝕟 𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕥𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕖 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔼𝕒𝕤𝕥𝕖𝕣 𝕤𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕠𝕟, ℙ𝕒𝕤𝕔𝕦𝕒 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 – 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕒 𝕔𝕙𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕖𝕟𝕘𝕖 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔼𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕟 𝕔𝕠𝕝𝕠𝕟𝕚𝕒𝕝 𝕡𝕠𝕨𝕖𝕣𝕤 𝕓𝕖𝕗𝕠𝕣𝕖 𝕚𝕥 𝕘𝕒𝕚𝕟𝕖𝕕 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕙𝕠𝕠𝕕 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕌𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤 𝕚𝕟 𝟙𝟠𝟜𝟝. 𝕀𝕥 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕒 𝕡𝕣𝕚𝕟𝕔𝕚𝕡𝕒𝕝 𝕝𝕠𝕔𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕊𝕖𝕞𝕚𝕟𝕠𝕝𝕖 𝕎𝕒𝕣𝕤 𝕒𝕘𝕒𝕚𝕟𝕤𝕥 𝕥𝕙𝕖 ℕ𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕧𝕖 𝔸𝕞𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟𝕤, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕣𝕒𝕔𝕚𝕒𝕝 𝕤𝕖𝕘𝕣𝕖𝕘𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕒𝕗𝕥𝕖𝕣 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔸𝕞𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟 ℂ𝕚𝕧𝕚𝕝 𝕎𝕒𝕣. 𝕋𝕠𝕕𝕒𝕪, 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕚𝕤 𝕕𝕚𝕤𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕔𝕥𝕚𝕧𝕖 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕚𝕥𝕤 𝕝𝕒𝕣𝕘𝕖 ℂ𝕦𝕓𝕒𝕟 𝕖𝕩𝕡𝕒𝕥𝕣𝕚𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕞𝕞𝕦𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕪 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕙𝕚𝕘𝕙 𝕡𝕠𝕡𝕦𝕝𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕘𝕣𝕠𝕨𝕥𝕙, 𝕒𝕤 𝕨𝕖𝕝𝕝 𝕒𝕤 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕚𝕥𝕤 𝕚𝕟𝕔𝕣𝕖𝕒𝕤𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕖𝕟𝕧𝕚𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕝 𝕚𝕤𝕤𝕦𝕖𝕤. 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖'𝕤 𝕖𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕠𝕞𝕪 𝕣𝕖𝕝𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕞𝕒𝕚𝕟𝕝𝕪 𝕠𝕟 𝕥𝕠𝕦𝕣𝕚𝕤𝕞, 𝕒𝕘𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕦𝕝𝕥𝕦𝕣𝕖, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕣𝕒𝕟𝕤𝕡𝕠𝕣𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟, 𝕨𝕙𝕚𝕔𝕙 𝕕𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕕 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕝𝕒𝕥𝕖 𝟙𝟡𝕥𝕙 𝕔𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕦𝕣𝕪. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕚𝕤 𝕒𝕝𝕤𝕠 𝕣𝕖𝕟𝕠𝕨𝕟𝕖𝕕 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕒𝕞𝕦𝕤𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕡𝕒𝕣𝕜𝕤, 𝕠𝕣𝕒𝕟𝕘𝕖 𝕔𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕤, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕂𝕖𝕟𝕟𝕖𝕕𝕪 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕔𝕖 ℂ𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕣, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕒𝕤 𝕒 𝕡𝕠𝕡𝕦𝕝𝕒𝕣 𝕕𝕖𝕤𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕣𝕖𝕥𝕚𝕣𝕖𝕖𝕤. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕔𝕦𝕝𝕥𝕦𝕣𝕖 𝕚𝕤 𝕒 𝕣𝕖𝕗𝕝𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕚𝕟𝕗𝕝𝕦𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖𝕤 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕞𝕦𝕝𝕥𝕚𝕡𝕝𝕖 𝕚𝕟𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕒𝕟𝕔𝕖; 𝔸𝕗𝕣𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕟, 𝔼𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕟, 𝕚𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕠𝕦𝕤, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕃𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕠 𝕙𝕖𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕒𝕘𝕖𝕤 𝕔𝕒𝕟 𝕓𝕖 𝕗𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕕 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕒𝕣𝕔𝕙𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕔𝕥𝕦𝕣𝕖 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕔𝕦𝕚𝕤𝕚𝕟𝕖. 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕙𝕒𝕤 𝕒𝕥𝕥𝕣𝕒𝕔𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕞𝕒𝕟𝕪 𝕨𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕤 𝕤𝕦𝕔𝕙 𝕒𝕤 𝕄𝕒𝕣𝕛𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕖 𝕂𝕚𝕟𝕟𝕒𝕟 ℝ𝕒𝕨𝕝𝕚𝕟𝕘𝕤, 𝔼𝕣𝕟𝕖𝕤𝕥 ℍ𝕖𝕞𝕚𝕟𝕘𝕨𝕒𝕪 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕟𝕖𝕤𝕤𝕖𝕖 𝕎𝕚𝕝𝕝𝕚𝕒𝕞𝕤, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕦𝕖𝕤 𝕥𝕠 𝕒𝕥𝕥𝕣𝕒𝕔𝕥 𝕔𝕖𝕝𝕖𝕓𝕣𝕚𝕥𝕚𝕖𝕤 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕒𝕥𝕙𝕝𝕖𝕥𝕖𝕤. 𝕀𝕥 𝕚𝕤 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕟𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟𝕒𝕝𝕝𝕪 𝕜𝕟𝕠𝕨𝕟 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕘𝕠𝕝𝕗, 𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕟𝕚𝕤, 𝕒𝕦𝕥𝕠 𝕣𝕒𝕔𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕨𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕣 𝕤𝕡𝕠𝕣𝕥𝕤.

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ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ /ˈꜰʟⱰʀꞮᴅƏ/ (ꜱᴘᴀɴɪꜱʜ ꜰᴏʀ "ʟᴀɴᴅ ᴏꜰ ꜰʟᴏᴡᴇʀꜱ") ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴᴍᴏꜱᴛ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏᴜᴛʜᴇᴀꜱᴛᴇʀɴ ʀᴇɢɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇꜱ. ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɪꜱ ʙᴏʀᴅᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴇꜱᴛ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴜʟꜰ ᴏꜰ ᴍᴇxɪᴄᴏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀʟᴀʙᴀᴍᴀ, ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ʙʏ ᴀʟᴀʙᴀᴍᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ɢᴇᴏʀɢɪᴀ, ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴀꜱᴛ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴛʟᴀɴᴛɪᴄ ᴏᴄᴇᴀɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏᴜᴛʜ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛʀᴀɪᴛꜱ ᴏꜰ ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ 22ɴᴅ-ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ᴇxᴛᴇɴꜱɪᴠᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ 3ʀᴅ-ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴏᴜꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ 8ᴛʜ-ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ᴅᴇɴꜱᴇʟʏ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜ.ꜱ. ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇꜱ. ᴊᴀᴄᴋꜱᴏɴᴠɪʟʟᴇ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴏᴜꜱ ᴍᴜɴɪᴄɪᴘᴀʟɪᴛʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀʀɢᴇꜱᴛ ᴄɪᴛʏ ʙʏ ᴀʀᴇᴀ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɢᴜᴏᴜꜱ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇꜱ (ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴꜱᴏʟɪᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ᴊᴀᴄᴋꜱᴏɴᴠɪʟʟᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴅᴜᴠᴀʟ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛʏ). ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴀᴍɪ ᴍᴇᴛʀᴏᴘᴏʟɪᴛᴀɴ ᴀʀᴇᴀ ɪꜱ ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ'ꜱ ᴍᴏꜱᴛ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴏᴜꜱ ᴜʀʙᴀɴ ᴀʀᴇᴀ. ᴛᴀʟʟᴀʜᴀꜱꜱᴇᴇ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ'ꜱ ᴄᴀᴘɪᴛᴀʟ. ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ ᴛᴡᴏ-ᴛʜɪʀᴅꜱ ᴏꜰ ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ᴏᴄᴄᴜᴘɪᴇꜱ ᴀ ᴘᴇɴɪɴꜱᴜʟᴀ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴜʟꜰ ᴏꜰ ᴍᴇxɪᴄᴏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴛʟᴀɴᴛɪᴄ ᴏᴄᴇᴀɴ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ʜᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏɴɢᴇꜱᴛ ᴄᴏᴀꜱᴛʟɪɴᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɢᴜᴏᴜꜱ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇꜱ, ᴀᴘᴘʀᴏxɪᴍᴀᴛᴇʟʏ 1,350 ᴍɪʟᴇꜱ (2,170 ᴋᴍ), ɴᴏᴛ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴀɴʏ ʙᴀʀʀɪᴇʀ ɪꜱʟᴀɴᴅꜱ. ɪᴛ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏɴʟʏ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʙᴏʀᴅᴇʀꜱ ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴜʟꜰ ᴏꜰ ᴍᴇxɪᴄᴏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴛʟᴀɴᴛɪᴄ ᴏᴄᴇᴀɴ. ᴍᴜᴄʜ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ɪꜱ ᴀᴛ ᴏʀ ɴᴇᴀʀ ꜱᴇᴀ ʟᴇᴠᴇʟ ᴀɴᴅ ɪꜱ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴢᴇᴅ ʙʏ ꜱᴇᴅɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʀʏ ꜱᴏɪʟ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ʜᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏᴡᴇꜱᴛ ʜɪɢʜ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴀɴʏ ᴜ.ꜱ. ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʟɪᴍᴀᴛᴇ ᴠᴀʀɪᴇꜱ ꜰʀᴏᴍ ꜱᴜʙᴛʀᴏᴘɪᴄᴀʟ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴏʀᴛʜ ᴛᴏ ᴛʀᴏᴘɪᴄᴀʟ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏᴜᴛʜ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀɴ ᴀʟʟɪɢᴀᴛᴏʀ, ᴀᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀɴ ᴄʀᴏᴄᴏᴅɪʟᴇ, ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ᴘᴀɴᴛʜᴇʀ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀɴᴀᴛᴇᴇ ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ꜰᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴇᴠᴇʀɢʟᴀᴅᴇꜱ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴘᴀʀᴋ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴏᴜᴛʜᴇʀɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ɪꜱ ᴏɴᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛᴡᴏ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇꜱ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʜᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴛʀᴏᴘɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄʟɪᴍᴀᴛᴇ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴏɴᴇ ɪꜱ ʜᴀᴡᴀɪɪ ᴀɴᴅ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴᴇɴᴛᴀʟ ᴜ.ꜱ. ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ᴛʀᴏᴘɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄʟɪᴍᴀᴛᴇ. ꜱɪɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰɪʀꜱᴛ ᴇᴜʀᴏᴘᴇᴀɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀᴄᴛ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ɪɴ 1513 ʙʏ ꜱᴘᴀɴɪꜱʜ ᴇxᴘʟᴏʀᴇʀ ᴊᴜᴀɴ ᴘᴏɴᴄᴇ ᴅᴇ ʟᴇÓɴ – ᴡʜᴏ ɴᴀᴍᴇᴅ ɪᴛ ʟᴀ ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ([ʟᴀ ꜰʟᴏˈɾɪÐᴀ] "ʟᴀɴᴅ ᴏꜰ ꜰʟᴏᴡᴇʀꜱ") ᴜᴘᴏɴ ʟᴀɴᴅɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴀꜱᴛᴇʀ ꜱᴇᴀꜱᴏɴ, ᴘᴀꜱᴄᴜᴀ ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ – ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴄʜᴀʟʟᴇɴɢᴇ ꜰᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴜʀᴏᴘᴇᴀɴ ᴄᴏʟᴏɴɪᴀʟ ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀꜱ ʙᴇꜰᴏʀᴇ ɪᴛ ɢᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇʜᴏᴏᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴛᴇᴅ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇꜱ ɪɴ 1845. ɪᴛ ᴡᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘᴀʟ ʟᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴇᴍɪɴᴏʟᴇ ᴡᴀʀꜱ ᴀɢᴀɪɴꜱᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀɴꜱ, ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴀᴄɪᴀʟ ꜱᴇɢʀᴇɢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀꜰᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴍᴇʀɪᴄᴀɴ ᴄɪᴠɪʟ ᴡᴀʀ. ᴛᴏᴅᴀʏ, ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ɪꜱ ᴅɪꜱᴛɪɴᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ꜰᴏʀ ɪᴛꜱ ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ᴄᴜʙᴀɴ ᴇxᴘᴀᴛʀɪᴀᴛᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴜɴɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʜɪɢʜ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɢʀᴏᴡᴛʜ, ᴀꜱ ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴀꜱ ꜰᴏʀ ɪᴛꜱ ɪɴᴄʀᴇᴀꜱɪɴɢ ᴇɴᴠɪʀᴏɴᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʟ ɪꜱꜱᴜᴇꜱ. ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴛᴀᴛᴇ'ꜱ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍʏ ʀᴇʟɪᴇꜱ ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴏɴ ᴛᴏᴜʀɪꜱᴍ, ᴀɢʀɪᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀᴇ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʀᴀɴꜱᴘᴏʀᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀᴛᴇ 19ᴛʜ ᴄᴇɴᴛᴜʀʏ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ɪꜱ ᴀʟꜱᴏ ʀᴇɴᴏᴡɴᴇᴅ ꜰᴏʀ ᴀᴍᴜꜱᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴘᴀʀᴋꜱ, ᴏʀᴀɴɢᴇ ᴄʀᴏᴘꜱ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴋᴇɴɴᴇᴅʏ ꜱᴘᴀᴄᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛᴇʀ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴀꜱ ᴀ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀʀ ᴅᴇꜱᴛɪɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ꜰᴏʀ ʀᴇᴛɪʀᴇᴇꜱ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪꜱ ᴀ ʀᴇꜰʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏꜰ ɪɴꜰʟᴜᴇɴᴄᴇꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟᴇ ɪɴʜᴇʀɪᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ; ᴀꜰʀɪᴄᴀɴ, ᴇᴜʀᴏᴘᴇᴀɴ, ɪɴᴅɪɢᴇɴᴏᴜꜱ, ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴀᴛɪɴᴏ ʜᴇʀɪᴛᴀɢᴇꜱ ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ꜰᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʀᴄʜɪᴛᴇᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴜɪꜱɪɴᴇ. ꜰʟᴏʀɪᴅᴀ ʜᴀꜱ ᴀᴛᴛʀᴀᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴡʀɪᴛᴇʀꜱ ꜱᴜᴄʜ ᴀꜱ ᴍᴀʀᴊᴏʀɪᴇ ᴋɪɴɴᴀɴ ʀᴀᴡʟɪɴɢꜱ, ᴇʀɴᴇꜱᴛ ʜᴇᴍɪɴɢᴡᴀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴇɴɴᴇꜱꜱᴇᴇ ᴡɪʟʟɪᴀᴍꜱ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴛɪɴᴜᴇꜱ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴛᴛʀᴀᴄᴛ ᴄᴇʟᴇʙʀɪᴛɪᴇꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀᴛʜʟᴇᴛᴇꜱ. ɪᴛ ɪꜱ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟʟʏ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ꜰᴏʀ ɢᴏʟꜰ, ᴛᴇɴɴɪꜱ, ᴀᴜᴛᴏ ʀᴀᴄɪɴɢ ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ꜱᴘᴏʀᴛꜱ.

̸̇̎/̸̄̿̅̔̿͞ ͆̅̿̄͞ ̿ ̄̇̿ ̎ ̎͆

Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ／ˈｆｌɒｒɪｄə／ （Ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｏｕｎｄ ｌｉｓｔｅｎ） （Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ ｆｏｒ "ｌａｎｄ ｏｆ ｆｌｏｗｅｒｓ"） ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｍｏｓｔ ｓｔａｔｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎ ｒｅｇｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅ ｉｓ ｂｏｒｄｅｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｗｅｓｔ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ｇｕｌｆ ｏｆ Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ ａｎｄ Ａｌａｂａｍａ， ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｒｔｈ ｂｙ Ａｌａｂａｍａ ａｎｄ Ｇｅｏｒｇｉａ， ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｅａｓｔ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ａｔｌａｎｔｉｃ Ｏｃｅａｎ， ａｎｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｕｔｈ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ｓｔｒａｉｔｓ ｏｆ Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ． Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ２２ｎｄ－ｍｏｓｔ ｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ， ｔｈｅ ３ｒｄ－ｍｏｓｔ ｐｏｐｕｌｏｕｓ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ８ｔｈ－ｍｏｓｔ ｄｅｎｓｅｌｙ ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｅｄ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｕ．Ｓ． ｓｔａｔｅｓ． Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎｖｉｌｌｅ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｐｏｐｕｌｏｕｓ ｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｉｔｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ ｃｉｔｙ ｂｙ ａｒｅａ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｉｇｕｏｕｓ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ （ｄｕｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｓｏｌｉｄａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎｖｉｌｌｅ ｗｉｔｈ Ｄｕｖａｌ Ｃｏｕｎｔｙ）． Ｔｈｅ Ｍｉａｍｉ ｍｅｔｒｏｐｏｌｉｔａｎ ａｒｅａ ｉｓ Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ＇ｓ ｍｏｓｔ ｐｏｐｕｌｏｕｓ ｕｒｂａｎ ａｒｅａ． Ｔａｌｌａｈａｓｓｅｅ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅ＇ｓ ｃａｐｉｔａｌ．Ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｗｏ－ｔｈｉｒｄｓ ｏｆ Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓ ａ ｐｅｎｉｎｓｕｌａ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｔｈｅ Ｇｕｌｆ ｏｆ Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ Ａｔｌａｎｔｉｃ Ｏｃｅａｎ． Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｈａｓ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｎｇｅｓｔ ｃｏａｓｔｌｉｎｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｉｇｕｏｕｓ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ， ａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ １，３５０ ｍｉｌｅｓ （２，１７０ ｋｍ）， ｎｏｔ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍａｎｙ ｂａｒｒｉｅｒ ｉｓｌａｎｄｓ． Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｏｎｌｙ ｓｔａｔｅ ｔｈａｔ ｂｏｒｄｅｒｓ ｂｏｔｈ ｔｈｅ Ｇｕｌｆ ｏｆ Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ Ａｔｌａｎｔｉｃ Ｏｃｅａｎ． Ｍｕｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅ ｉｓ ａｔ ｏｒ ｎｅａｒ ｓｅａ ｌｅｖｅｌ ａｎｄ ｉｓ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ ｂｙ ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙ ｓｏｉｌ． Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｈａｓ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｗｅｓｔ ｈｉｇｈ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｏｆ ａｎｙ Ｕ．Ｓ． ｓｔａｔｅ． Ｔｈｅ ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ ｖａｒｉｅｓ ｆｒｏｍ ｓｕｂｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｎｏｒｔｈ ｔｏ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｕｔｈ．Ｔｈｅ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ａｌｌｉｇａｔｏｒ， Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｃｒｏｃｏｄｉｌｅ， Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｐａｎｔｈｅｒ， ａｎｄ ｍａｎａｔｅｅ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ Ｅｖｅｒｇｌａｄｅｓ Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｐａｒｋ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｐａｒｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅ． Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｉｓ ｏｎｅ ｏｆ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｗｏ ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｈａｓ ａ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ， ｔｈｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｏｎｅ ｉｓ Ｈａｗａｉｉ ａｎｄ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｏｎｌｙ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌ Ｕ．Ｓ． Ｓｔａｔｅ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ．Ｓｉｎｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ ｗａｓ ｍａｄｅ ｉｎ １５１３ ｂｙ Ｓｐａｎｉｓｈ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ Ｊｕａｎ Ｐｏｎｃｅ ｄｅ Ｌｅóｎ – ｗｈｏ ｎａｍｅｄ ｉｔ Ｌａ Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ （[ｌａ ｆｌｏˈɾｉðａ] "ｌａｎｄ ｏｆ ｆｌｏｗｅｒｓ"） ｕｐｏｎ ｌａｎｄｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｅａｓｔｅｒ ｓｅａｓｏｎ， Ｐａｓｃｕａ Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ– Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｗａｓ ａ ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ ｃｏｌｏｎｉａｌ ｐｏｗｅｒｓ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｉｔ ｇａｉｎｅｄ ｓｔａｔｅｈｏｏｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｉｎ １８４５． Ｉｔ ｗａｓ ａ ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌ ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｓｅｍｉｎｏｌｅ Ｗａｒｓ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｔｈｅ Ｎａｔｉｖｅ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ， ａｎｄ ｒａｃｉａｌ ｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎ ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ Ｃｉｖｉｌ Ｗａｒ．Ｔｏｄａｙ， Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｉｓ ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｖｅ ｆｏｒ ｉｔｓ ｌａｒｇｅ Ｃｕｂａｎ ｅｘｐａｔｒｉａｔｅ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ ａｎｄ ｈｉｇｈ ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ， ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｆｏｒ ｉｔｓ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ ｉｓｓｕｅｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｓｔａｔｅ＇ｓ ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ ｒｅｌｉｅｓ ｍａｉｎｌｙ ｏｎ ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ， ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ， ａｎｄ ｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｌａｔｅ １９ｔｈ ｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ． Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｉｓ ａｌｓｏ ｒｅｎｏｗｎｅｄ ｆｏｒ ａｍｕｓｅｍｅｎｔ ｐａｒｋｓ， ｏｒａｎｇｅ ｃｒｏｐｓ， ｔｈｅ Ｋｅｎｎｅｄｙ Ｓｐａｃｅ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ， ａｎｄ ａｓ ａ ｐｏｐｕｌａｒ ｄｅｓｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｒｅｔｉｒｅｅｓ．Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ｉｓ ａ ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓ ａｎｄ ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅ ｉｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅ； Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ， Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎ， ｉｎｄｉｇｅｎｏｕｓ， ａｎｄ Ｌａｔｉｎｏ ｈｅｒｉｔａｇｅｓ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ ｃｕｉｓｉｎｅ． Ｆｌｏｒｉｄａ ｈａｓ ａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄ ｍａｎｙ ｗｒｉｔｅｒｓ ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ Ｍａｒｊｏｒｉｅ Ｋｉｎｎａｎ Ｒａｗｌｉｎｇｓ， Ｅｒｎｅｓｔ Ｈｅｍｉｎｇｗａｙ ａｎｄ Ｔｅｎｎｅｓｓｅｅ Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ， ａｎｄ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓ ｔｏ ａｔｔｒａｃｔ ｃｅｌｅｂｒｉｔｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ａｔｈｌｅｔｅｓ． Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ ｋｎｏｗｎ ｆｏｒ ｇｏｌｆ， ｔｅｎｎｉｓ， ａｕｔｏ ｒａｃｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｗａｔｅｒ ｓｐｏｒｔｓ．

𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕗𝕚𝕣𝕤𝕥 𝕣𝕖𝕘𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕝 𝕌𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕊𝕥𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕤 𝕥𝕠 𝕓𝕖 𝕧𝕚𝕤𝕚𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕤𝕖𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖𝕕 𝕓𝕪 𝔼𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕟𝕤. 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕖𝕒𝕣𝕝𝕚𝕖𝕤𝕥 𝕜𝕟𝕠𝕨𝕟 𝔼𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕟 𝕖𝕩𝕡𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕖𝕣𝕤 𝕔𝕒𝕞𝕖 𝕨𝕚𝕥𝕙 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕢𝕦𝕚𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕕𝕠𝕣 𝕁𝕦𝕒𝕟 ℙ𝕠𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝕕𝕖 𝕃𝕖ó𝕟. ℙ𝕠𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝕕𝕖 𝕃𝕖ó𝕟 𝕤𝕡𝕠𝕥𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕖𝕕 𝕠𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕡𝕖𝕟𝕚𝕟𝕤𝕦𝕝𝕒 𝕠𝕟 𝔸𝕡𝕣𝕚𝕝 𝟚, 𝟙𝟝𝟙𝟛. ℍ𝕖 𝕟𝕒𝕞𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕣𝕖𝕘𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕃𝕒 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 ("𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕠𝕗 𝕗𝕝𝕠𝕨𝕖𝕣𝕤") 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕥𝕠𝕣𝕪 𝕥𝕙𝕒𝕥 𝕙𝕖 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕤𝕖𝕒𝕣𝕔𝕙𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝔽𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕚𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝕐𝕠𝕦𝕥𝕙 𝕚𝕤 𝕞𝕪𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕔𝕒𝕝 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕠𝕟𝕝𝕪 𝕒𝕡𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕣𝕖𝕕 𝕝𝕠𝕟𝕘 𝕒𝕗𝕥𝕖𝕣 𝕙𝕚𝕤 𝕕𝕖𝕒𝕥𝕙. 𝕀𝕟 𝕄𝕒𝕪 𝟙𝟝𝟛𝟡, ℂ𝕠𝕟𝕢𝕦𝕚𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕕𝕠𝕣 ℍ𝕖𝕣𝕟𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕠 𝕕𝕖 𝕊𝕠𝕥𝕠 𝕤𝕜𝕚𝕣𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕒𝕤𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒, 𝕤𝕖𝕒𝕣𝕔𝕙𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕗𝕠𝕣 𝕒 𝕕𝕖𝕖𝕡 𝕙𝕒𝕣𝕓𝕠𝕣 𝕥𝕠 𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕. ℍ𝕖 𝕕𝕖𝕤𝕔𝕣𝕚𝕓𝕖𝕕 𝕤𝕖𝕖𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕒 𝕥𝕙𝕚𝕔𝕜 𝕨𝕒𝕝𝕝 𝕠𝕗 𝕣𝕖𝕕 𝕞𝕒𝕟𝕘𝕣𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕤 𝕤𝕡𝕣𝕖𝕒𝕕 𝕞𝕚𝕝𝕖 𝕒𝕗𝕥𝕖𝕣 𝕞𝕚𝕝𝕖, 𝕤𝕠𝕞𝕖 𝕣𝕖𝕒𝕔𝕙𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕒𝕤 𝕙𝕚𝕘𝕙 𝕒𝕤 𝟟𝟘 𝕗𝕖𝕖𝕥 (𝟚𝟙 𝕞), 𝕨𝕚𝕥𝕙 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕣𝕥𝕨𝕚𝕟𝕖𝕕 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕖𝕝𝕖𝕧𝕒𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕣𝕠𝕠𝕥𝕤 𝕞𝕒𝕜𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕕𝕚𝕗𝕗𝕚𝕔𝕦𝕝𝕥. 𝕋𝕙𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕕𝕦𝕔𝕖𝕕 ℂ𝕙𝕣𝕚𝕤𝕥𝕚𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕪, 𝕔𝕒𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖, 𝕙𝕠𝕣𝕤𝕖𝕤, 𝕤𝕙𝕖𝕖𝕡, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 ℂ𝕒𝕤𝕥𝕚𝕝𝕚𝕒𝕟 𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕘𝕦𝕒𝕘𝕖, 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕞𝕠𝕣𝕖 𝕥𝕠 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒. 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕚𝕟 𝕖𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕓𝕝𝕚𝕤𝕙𝕖𝕕 𝕤𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕤𝕖𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕤 𝕚𝕟 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒, 𝕨𝕚𝕥𝕙 𝕧𝕒𝕣𝕪𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕕𝕖𝕘𝕣𝕖𝕖𝕤 𝕠𝕗 𝕤𝕦𝕔𝕔𝕖𝕤𝕤. 𝕀𝕟 𝟙𝟝𝟝𝟡, 𝔻𝕠𝕟 𝕋𝕣𝕚𝕤𝕥á𝕟 𝕕𝕖 𝕃𝕦𝕟𝕒 𝕪 𝔸𝕣𝕖𝕝𝕝𝕒𝕟𝕠 𝕖𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕓𝕝𝕚𝕤𝕙𝕖𝕕 𝕒 𝕤𝕖𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕒𝕥 𝕡𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥-𝕕𝕒𝕪 ℙ𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕒𝕔𝕠𝕝𝕒, 𝕞𝕒𝕜𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕚𝕥 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕗𝕚𝕣𝕤𝕥 𝕒𝕥𝕥𝕖𝕞𝕡𝕥𝕖𝕕 𝕤𝕖𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕚𝕟 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒, 𝕓𝕦𝕥 𝕚𝕥 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕞𝕠𝕤𝕥𝕝𝕪 𝕒𝕓𝕒𝕟𝕕𝕠𝕟𝕖𝕕 𝕓𝕪 𝟙𝟝𝟞𝟙. 𝕀𝕟 𝟙𝟝𝟞𝟝, 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕤𝕖𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝕊𝕥. 𝔸𝕦𝕘𝕦𝕤𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕖 (𝕊𝕒𝕟 𝔸𝕘𝕦𝕤𝕥í𝕟) 𝕨𝕒𝕤 𝕖𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕓𝕝𝕚𝕤𝕙𝕖𝕕 𝕦𝕟𝕕𝕖𝕣 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕝𝕖𝕒𝕕𝕖𝕣𝕤𝕙𝕚𝕡 𝕠𝕗 𝕒𝕕𝕞𝕚𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕘𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕟𝕠𝕣 ℙ𝕖𝕕𝕣𝕠 𝕄𝕖𝕟é𝕟𝕕𝕖𝕫 𝕕𝕖 𝔸𝕧𝕚𝕝é𝕤, 𝕔𝕣𝕖𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕨𝕙𝕒𝕥 𝕨𝕠𝕦𝕝𝕕 𝕓𝕖𝕔𝕠𝕞𝕖 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕠𝕝𝕕𝕖𝕤𝕥 𝔼𝕦𝕣𝕠𝕡𝕖𝕒𝕟 𝕤𝕖𝕥𝕥𝕝𝕖𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕚𝕟 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕝 𝕌.𝕊. 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕖𝕤𝕥𝕒𝕓𝕝𝕚𝕤𝕙𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕗𝕚𝕣𝕤𝕥 𝕘𝕖𝕟𝕖𝕣𝕒𝕥𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕠𝕗 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒𝕟𝕠𝕤 𝕒𝕟𝕕 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕘𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕟𝕞𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕠𝕗 𝔽𝕝𝕠𝕣𝕚𝕕𝕒 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕚𝕟 𝕞𝕒𝕚𝕟𝕥𝕒𝕚𝕟𝕖𝕕 𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕦𝕠𝕦𝕤 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕥𝕣𝕠𝕝 𝕠𝕧𝕖𝕣 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕣𝕖𝕘𝕚𝕠𝕟 𝕓𝕪 𝕔𝕠𝕟𝕧𝕖𝕣𝕥𝕚𝕟𝕘 𝕥𝕙𝕖 𝕝𝕠𝕔𝕒𝕝 𝕥𝕣𝕚𝕓𝕖𝕤 𝕥𝕠 ℂ𝕙𝕣𝕚𝕤𝕥𝕚𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕥𝕪.

𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 /ˈ𝔣𝔩ɒ𝔯ɪ𝔡ə/ (𝔖𝔭𝔞𝔫𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔣𝔬𝔯 "𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔬𝔣 𝔣𝔩𝔬𝔴𝔢𝔯𝔰") 𝔦𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔫𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔞𝔰𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔫 𝔯𝔢𝔤𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔖𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔰. 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔦𝔰 𝔟𝔬𝔯𝔡𝔢𝔯𝔢𝔡 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔴𝔢𝔰𝔱 𝔟𝔶 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔊𝔲𝔩𝔣 𝔬𝔣 𝔐𝔢𝔵𝔦𝔠𝔬 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔄𝔩𝔞𝔟𝔞𝔪𝔞, 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔫𝔬𝔯𝔱𝔥 𝔟𝔶 𝔄𝔩𝔞𝔟𝔞𝔪𝔞 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔊𝔢𝔬𝔯𝔤𝔦𝔞, 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔢𝔞𝔰𝔱 𝔟𝔶 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔄𝔱𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔠 𝔒𝔠𝔢𝔞𝔫, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔱𝔥 𝔟𝔶 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔖𝔱𝔯𝔞𝔦𝔱𝔰 𝔬𝔣 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔦𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 22𝔫𝔡-𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔢𝔵𝔱𝔢𝔫𝔰𝔦𝔳𝔢, 𝔱𝔥𝔢 3𝔯𝔡-𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔭𝔬𝔭𝔲𝔩𝔬𝔲𝔰, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔥𝔢 8𝔱𝔥-𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔡𝔢𝔫𝔰𝔢𝔩𝔶 𝔭𝔬𝔭𝔲𝔩𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔘.𝔖. 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔰. 𝔍𝔞𝔠𝔨𝔰𝔬𝔫𝔳𝔦𝔩𝔩𝔢 𝔦𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔭𝔬𝔭𝔲𝔩𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔪𝔲𝔫𝔦𝔠𝔦𝔭𝔞𝔩𝔦𝔱𝔶 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔩𝔞𝔯𝔤𝔢𝔰𝔱 𝔠𝔦𝔱𝔶 𝔟𝔶 𝔞𝔯𝔢𝔞 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔤𝔲𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔖𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔰 (𝔡𝔲𝔢 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔰𝔬𝔩𝔦𝔡𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔬𝔣 𝔍𝔞𝔠𝔨𝔰𝔬𝔫𝔳𝔦𝔩𝔩𝔢 𝔴𝔦𝔱𝔥 𝔇𝔲𝔳𝔞𝔩 ℭ𝔬𝔲𝔫𝔱𝔶). 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔐𝔦𝔞𝔪𝔦 𝔪𝔢𝔱𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔬𝔩𝔦𝔱𝔞𝔫 𝔞𝔯𝔢𝔞 𝔦𝔰 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞'𝔰 𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔭𝔬𝔭𝔲𝔩𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔲𝔯𝔟𝔞𝔫 𝔞𝔯𝔢𝔞. 𝔗𝔞𝔩𝔩𝔞𝔥𝔞𝔰𝔰𝔢𝔢 𝔦𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢'𝔰 𝔠𝔞𝔭𝔦𝔱𝔞𝔩. 𝔄𝔟𝔬𝔲𝔱 𝔱𝔴𝔬-𝔱𝔥𝔦𝔯𝔡𝔰 𝔬𝔣 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔬𝔠𝔠𝔲𝔭𝔦𝔢𝔰 𝔞 𝔭𝔢𝔫𝔦𝔫𝔰𝔲𝔩𝔞 𝔟𝔢𝔱𝔴𝔢𝔢𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔊𝔲𝔩𝔣 𝔬𝔣 𝔐𝔢𝔵𝔦𝔠𝔬 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔄𝔱𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔠 𝔒𝔠𝔢𝔞𝔫. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔥𝔞𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔩𝔬𝔫𝔤𝔢𝔰𝔱 𝔠𝔬𝔞𝔰𝔱𝔩𝔦𝔫𝔢 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔤𝔲𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔖𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔰, 𝔞𝔭𝔭𝔯𝔬𝔵𝔦𝔪𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔩𝔶 1,350 𝔪𝔦𝔩𝔢𝔰 (2,170 𝔨𝔪), 𝔫𝔬𝔱 𝔦𝔫𝔠𝔩𝔲𝔡𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔱𝔯𝔦𝔟𝔲𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔪𝔞𝔫𝔶 𝔟𝔞𝔯𝔯𝔦𝔢𝔯 𝔦𝔰𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔡𝔰. ℑ𝔱 𝔦𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔬𝔫𝔩𝔶 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔱𝔥𝔞𝔱 𝔟𝔬𝔯𝔡𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔟𝔬𝔱𝔥 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔊𝔲𝔩𝔣 𝔬𝔣 𝔐𝔢𝔵𝔦𝔠𝔬 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔄𝔱𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔠 𝔒𝔠𝔢𝔞𝔫. 𝔐𝔲𝔠𝔥 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔦𝔰 𝔞𝔱 𝔬𝔯 𝔫𝔢𝔞𝔯 𝔰𝔢𝔞 𝔩𝔢𝔳𝔢𝔩 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔦𝔰 𝔠𝔥𝔞𝔯𝔞𝔠𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔷𝔢𝔡 𝔟𝔶 𝔰𝔢𝔡𝔦𝔪𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔞𝔯𝔶 𝔰𝔬𝔦𝔩. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔥𝔞𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔩𝔬𝔴𝔢𝔰𝔱 𝔥𝔦𝔤𝔥 𝔭𝔬𝔦𝔫𝔱 𝔬𝔣 𝔞𝔫𝔶 𝔘.𝔖. 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢. 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔠𝔩𝔦𝔪𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔳𝔞𝔯𝔦𝔢𝔰 𝔣𝔯𝔬𝔪 𝔰𝔲𝔟𝔱𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔩 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔫𝔬𝔯𝔱𝔥 𝔱𝔬 𝔱𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔩 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔱𝔥. 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔄𝔪𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔫 𝔞𝔩𝔩𝔦𝔤𝔞𝔱𝔬𝔯, 𝔄𝔪𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔫 𝔠𝔯𝔬𝔠𝔬𝔡𝔦𝔩𝔢, 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔭𝔞𝔫𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔯, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔪𝔞𝔫𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔢 𝔠𝔞𝔫 𝔟𝔢 𝔣𝔬𝔲𝔫𝔡 𝔦𝔫 𝔈𝔳𝔢𝔯𝔤𝔩𝔞𝔡𝔢𝔰 𝔑𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫𝔞𝔩 𝔓𝔞𝔯𝔨 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔬𝔲𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔫 𝔭𝔞𝔯𝔱 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔦𝔰 𝔬𝔫𝔢 𝔬𝔣 𝔬𝔫𝔩𝔶 𝔱𝔴𝔬 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔞𝔱 𝔥𝔞𝔰 𝔞 𝔱𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔩 𝔠𝔩𝔦𝔪𝔞𝔱𝔢, 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔬𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔯 𝔬𝔫𝔢 𝔦𝔰 ℌ𝔞𝔴𝔞𝔦𝔦 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔦𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔬𝔫𝔩𝔶 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔫𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔞𝔩 𝔘.𝔖. 𝔖𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔴𝔦𝔱𝔥 𝔞 𝔱𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔩 𝔠𝔩𝔦𝔪𝔞𝔱𝔢. 𝔖𝔦𝔫𝔠𝔢 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔣𝔦𝔯𝔰𝔱 𝔈𝔲𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔢𝔞𝔫 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔱𝔞𝔠𝔱 𝔴𝔞𝔰 𝔪𝔞𝔡𝔢 𝔦𝔫 1513 𝔟𝔶 𝔖𝔭𝔞𝔫𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔢𝔵𝔭𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔢𝔯 𝔍𝔲𝔞𝔫 𝔓𝔬𝔫𝔠𝔢 𝔡𝔢 𝔏𝔢ó𝔫 – 𝔴𝔥𝔬 𝔫𝔞𝔪𝔢𝔡 𝔦𝔱 𝔏𝔞 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 ([𝔩𝔞 𝔣𝔩𝔬ˈɾ𝔦ð𝔞] "𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔬𝔣 𝔣𝔩𝔬𝔴𝔢𝔯𝔰") 𝔲𝔭𝔬𝔫 𝔩𝔞𝔫𝔡𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔱𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔢 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔈𝔞𝔰𝔱𝔢𝔯 𝔰𝔢𝔞𝔰𝔬𝔫, 𝔓𝔞𝔰𝔠𝔲𝔞 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞– 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔴𝔞𝔰 𝔞 𝔠𝔥𝔞𝔩𝔩𝔢𝔫𝔤𝔢 𝔣𝔬𝔯 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔈𝔲𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔢𝔞𝔫 𝔠𝔬𝔩𝔬𝔫𝔦𝔞𝔩 𝔭𝔬𝔴𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔟𝔢𝔣𝔬𝔯𝔢 𝔦𝔱 𝔤𝔞𝔦𝔫𝔢𝔡 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔥𝔬𝔬𝔡 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔘𝔫𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔖𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔰 𝔦𝔫 1845. ℑ𝔱 𝔴𝔞𝔰 𝔞 𝔭𝔯𝔦𝔫𝔠𝔦𝔭𝔞𝔩 𝔩𝔬𝔠𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔖𝔢𝔪𝔦𝔫𝔬𝔩𝔢 𝔚𝔞𝔯𝔰 𝔞𝔤𝔞𝔦𝔫𝔰𝔱 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔑𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔳𝔢 𝔄𝔪𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔫𝔰, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔯𝔞𝔠𝔦𝔞𝔩 𝔰𝔢𝔤𝔯𝔢𝔤𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔞𝔣𝔱𝔢𝔯 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔄𝔪𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔫 ℭ𝔦𝔳𝔦𝔩 𝔚𝔞𝔯. 𝔗𝔬𝔡𝔞𝔶, 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔦𝔰 𝔡𝔦𝔰𝔱𝔦𝔫𝔠𝔱𝔦𝔳𝔢 𝔣𝔬𝔯 𝔦𝔱𝔰 𝔩𝔞𝔯𝔤𝔢 ℭ𝔲𝔟𝔞𝔫 𝔢𝔵𝔭𝔞𝔱𝔯𝔦𝔞𝔱𝔢 𝔠𝔬𝔪𝔪𝔲𝔫𝔦𝔱𝔶 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔥𝔦𝔤𝔥 𝔭𝔬𝔭𝔲𝔩𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔤𝔯𝔬𝔴𝔱𝔥, 𝔞𝔰 𝔴𝔢𝔩𝔩 𝔞𝔰 𝔣𝔬𝔯 𝔦𝔱𝔰 𝔦𝔫𝔠𝔯𝔢𝔞𝔰𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔢𝔫𝔳𝔦𝔯𝔬𝔫𝔪𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔞𝔩 𝔦𝔰𝔰𝔲𝔢𝔰. 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔰𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔢'𝔰 𝔢𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔬𝔪𝔶 𝔯𝔢𝔩𝔦𝔢𝔰 𝔪𝔞𝔦𝔫𝔩𝔶 𝔬𝔫 𝔱𝔬𝔲𝔯𝔦𝔰𝔪, 𝔞𝔤𝔯𝔦𝔠𝔲𝔩𝔱𝔲𝔯𝔢, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔱𝔯𝔞𝔫𝔰𝔭𝔬𝔯𝔱𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫, 𝔴𝔥𝔦𝔠𝔥 𝔡𝔢𝔳𝔢𝔩𝔬𝔭𝔢𝔡 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔩𝔞𝔱𝔢 19𝔱𝔥 𝔠𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔲𝔯𝔶. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔦𝔰 𝔞𝔩𝔰𝔬 𝔯𝔢𝔫𝔬𝔴𝔫𝔢𝔡 𝔣𝔬𝔯 𝔞𝔪𝔲𝔰𝔢𝔪𝔢𝔫𝔱 𝔭𝔞𝔯𝔨𝔰, 𝔬𝔯𝔞𝔫𝔤𝔢 𝔠𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔰, 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔎𝔢𝔫𝔫𝔢𝔡𝔶 𝔖𝔭𝔞𝔠𝔢 ℭ𝔢𝔫𝔱𝔢𝔯, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔞𝔰 𝔞 𝔭𝔬𝔭𝔲𝔩𝔞𝔯 𝔡𝔢𝔰𝔱𝔦𝔫𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔣𝔬𝔯 𝔯𝔢𝔱𝔦𝔯𝔢𝔢𝔰. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔠𝔲𝔩𝔱𝔲𝔯𝔢 𝔦𝔰 𝔞 𝔯𝔢𝔣𝔩𝔢𝔠𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫 𝔬𝔣 𝔦𝔫𝔣𝔩𝔲𝔢𝔫𝔠𝔢𝔰 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔪𝔲𝔩𝔱𝔦𝔭𝔩𝔢 𝔦𝔫𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔞𝔫𝔠𝔢; 𝔄𝔣𝔯𝔦𝔠𝔞𝔫, 𝔈𝔲𝔯𝔬𝔭𝔢𝔞𝔫, 𝔦𝔫𝔡𝔦𝔤𝔢𝔫𝔬𝔲𝔰, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔏𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔫𝔬 𝔥𝔢𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔞𝔤𝔢𝔰 𝔠𝔞𝔫 𝔟𝔢 𝔣𝔬𝔲𝔫𝔡 𝔦𝔫 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔞𝔯𝔠𝔥𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔠𝔱𝔲𝔯𝔢 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔠𝔲𝔦𝔰𝔦𝔫𝔢. 𝔉𝔩𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔡𝔞 𝔥𝔞𝔰 𝔞𝔱𝔱𝔯𝔞𝔠𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔪𝔞𝔫𝔶 𝔴𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔰 𝔰𝔲𝔠𝔥 𝔞𝔰 𝔐𝔞𝔯𝔧𝔬𝔯𝔦𝔢 𝔎𝔦𝔫𝔫𝔞𝔫 ℜ𝔞𝔴𝔩𝔦𝔫𝔤𝔰, 𝔈𝔯𝔫𝔢𝔰𝔱 ℌ𝔢𝔪𝔦𝔫𝔤𝔴𝔞𝔶 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔗𝔢𝔫𝔫𝔢𝔰𝔰𝔢𝔢 𝔚𝔦𝔩𝔩𝔦𝔞𝔪𝔰, 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔱𝔦𝔫𝔲𝔢𝔰 𝔱𝔬 𝔞𝔱𝔱𝔯𝔞𝔠𝔱 𝔠𝔢𝔩𝔢𝔟𝔯𝔦𝔱𝔦𝔢𝔰 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔞𝔱𝔥𝔩𝔢𝔱𝔢𝔰. ℑ𝔱 𝔦𝔰 𝔦𝔫𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔫𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔬𝔫𝔞𝔩𝔩𝔶 𝔨𝔫𝔬𝔴𝔫 𝔣𝔬𝔯 𝔤𝔬𝔩𝔣, 𝔱𝔢𝔫𝔫𝔦𝔰, 𝔞𝔲𝔱𝔬 𝔯𝔞𝔠𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔴𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔯 𝔰𝔭𝔬𝔯𝔱𝔰.

ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ /ˈᶠˡɒʳɪᵈə/ ⁽ˢᵖᵃⁿⁱˢʰ ᶠᵒʳ "ˡᵃⁿᵈ ᵒᶠ ᶠˡᵒʷᵉʳˢ"⁾ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵒᵘᵗʰᵉʳⁿᵐᵒˢᵗ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵒᵘᵗʰᵉᵃˢᵗᵉʳⁿ ʳᵉᵍⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵁⁿⁱᵗᵉᵈ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉˢ. ᵀʰᵉ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ ⁱˢ ᵇᵒʳᵈᵉʳᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ʷᵉˢᵗ ᵇʸ ᵗʰᵉ ᴳᵘˡᶠ ᵒᶠ ᴹᵉˣⁱᶜᵒ ᵃⁿᵈ ᴬˡᵃᵇᵃᵐᵃ, ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ⁿᵒʳᵗʰ ᵇʸ ᴬˡᵃᵇᵃᵐᵃ ᵃⁿᵈ ᴳᵉᵒʳᵍⁱᵃ, ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ᵉᵃˢᵗ ᵇʸ ᵗʰᵉ ᴬᵗˡᵃⁿᵗⁱᶜ ᴼᶜᵉᵃⁿ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵒᵘᵗʰ ᵇʸ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵗʳᵃⁱᵗˢ ᵒᶠ ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ²²ⁿᵈ⁻ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵉˣᵗᵉⁿˢⁱᵛᵉ, ᵗʰᵉ ³ʳᵈ⁻ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵖᵒᵖᵘˡᵒᵘˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ⁸ᵗʰ⁻ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵈᵉⁿˢᵉˡʸ ᵖᵒᵖᵘˡᵃᵗᵉᵈ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵁ.ˢ. ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉˢ. ᴶᵃᶜᵏˢᵒⁿᵛⁱˡˡᵉ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵖᵒᵖᵘˡᵒᵘˢ ᵐᵘⁿⁱᶜⁱᵖᵃˡⁱᵗʸ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ˡᵃʳᵍᵉˢᵗ ᶜⁱᵗʸ ᵇʸ ᵃʳᵉᵃ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵗⁱᵍᵘᵒᵘˢ ᵁⁿⁱᵗᵉᵈ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉˢ ⁽ᵈᵘᵉ ᵗᵒ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿˢᵒˡⁱᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᴶᵃᶜᵏˢᵒⁿᵛⁱˡˡᵉ ʷⁱᵗʰ ᴰᵘᵛᵃˡ ᶜᵒᵘⁿᵗʸ⁾. ᵀʰᵉ ᴹⁱᵃᵐⁱ ᵐᵉᵗʳᵒᵖᵒˡⁱᵗᵃⁿ ᵃʳᵉᵃ ⁱˢ ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ'ˢ ᵐᵒˢᵗ ᵖᵒᵖᵘˡᵒᵘˢ ᵘʳᵇᵃⁿ ᵃʳᵉᵃ. ᵀᵃˡˡᵃʰᵃˢˢᵉᵉ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ'ˢ ᶜᵃᵖⁱᵗᵃˡ. ᴬᵇᵒᵘᵗ ᵗʷᵒ⁻ᵗʰⁱʳᵈˢ ᵒᶠ ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ᵒᶜᶜᵘᵖⁱᵉˢ ᵃ ᵖᵉⁿⁱⁿˢᵘˡᵃ ᵇᵉᵗʷᵉᵉⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᴳᵘˡᶠ ᵒᶠ ᴹᵉˣⁱᶜᵒ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᴬᵗˡᵃⁿᵗⁱᶜ ᴼᶜᵉᵃⁿ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ʰᵃˢ ᵗʰᵉ ˡᵒⁿᵍᵉˢᵗ ᶜᵒᵃˢᵗˡⁱⁿᵉ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵗⁱᵍᵘᵒᵘˢ ᵁⁿⁱᵗᵉᵈ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉˢ, ᵃᵖᵖʳᵒˣⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉˡʸ ¹,³⁵⁰ ᵐⁱˡᵉˢ ⁽²,¹⁷⁰ ᵏᵐ⁾, ⁿᵒᵗ ⁱⁿᶜˡᵘᵈⁱⁿᵍ ᵗʰᵉ ᶜᵒⁿᵗʳⁱᵇᵘᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵐᵃⁿʸ ᵇᵃʳʳⁱᵉʳ ⁱˢˡᵃⁿᵈˢ. ᴵᵗ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ᵒⁿˡʸ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ᵇᵒʳᵈᵉʳˢ ᵇᵒᵗʰ ᵗʰᵉ ᴳᵘˡᶠ ᵒᶠ ᴹᵉˣⁱᶜᵒ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʰᵉ ᴬᵗˡᵃⁿᵗⁱᶜ ᴼᶜᵉᵃⁿ. ᴹᵘᶜʰ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ ⁱˢ ᵃᵗ ᵒʳ ⁿᵉᵃʳ ˢᵉᵃ ˡᵉᵛᵉˡ ᵃⁿᵈ ⁱˢ ᶜʰᵃʳᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵇʸ ˢᵉᵈⁱᵐᵉⁿᵗᵃʳʸ ˢᵒⁱˡ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ʰᵃˢ ᵗʰᵉ ˡᵒʷᵉˢᵗ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵖᵒⁱⁿᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵃⁿʸ ᵁ.ˢ. ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ. ᵀʰᵉ ᶜˡⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉ ᵛᵃʳⁱᵉˢ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ˢᵘᵇᵗʳᵒᵖⁱᶜᵃˡ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ⁿᵒʳᵗʰ ᵗᵒ ᵗʳᵒᵖⁱᶜᵃˡ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵒᵘᵗʰ. ᵀʰᵉ ᴬᵐᵉʳⁱᶜᵃⁿ ᵃˡˡⁱᵍᵃᵗᵒʳ, ᴬᵐᵉʳⁱᶜᵃⁿ ᶜʳᵒᶜᵒᵈⁱˡᵉ, ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ᵖᵃⁿᵗʰᵉʳ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᵐᵃⁿᵃᵗᵉᵉ ᶜᵃⁿ ᵇᵉ ᶠᵒᵘⁿᵈ ⁱⁿ ᴱᵛᵉʳᵍˡᵃᵈᵉˢ ᴺᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᴾᵃʳᵏ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵒᵘᵗʰᵉʳⁿ ᵖᵃʳᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ⁱˢ ᵒⁿᵉ ᵒᶠ ᵒⁿˡʸ ᵗʷᵒ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉˢ ᵗʰᵃᵗ ʰᵃˢ ᵃ ᵗʳᵒᵖⁱᶜᵃˡ ᶜˡⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉ, ᵗʰᵉ ᵒᵗʰᵉʳ ᵒⁿᵉ ⁱˢ ᴴᵃʷᵃⁱⁱ ᵃⁿᵈ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉ ᵒⁿˡʸ ᶜᵒⁿᵗⁱⁿᵉⁿᵗᵃˡ ᵁ.ˢ. ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵃ ᵗʳᵒᵖⁱᶜᵃˡ ᶜˡⁱᵐᵃᵗᵉ. ˢⁱⁿᶜᵉ ᵗʰᵉ ᶠⁱʳˢᵗ ᴱᵘʳᵒᵖᵉᵃⁿ ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵃᶜᵗ ʷᵃˢ ᵐᵃᵈᵉ ⁱⁿ ¹⁵¹³ ᵇʸ ˢᵖᵃⁿⁱˢʰ ᵉˣᵖˡᵒʳᵉʳ ᴶᵘᵃⁿ ᴾᵒⁿᶜᵉ ᵈᵉ ᴸᵉóⁿ – ʷʰᵒ ⁿᵃᵐᵉᵈ ⁱᵗ ᴸᵃ ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ⁽[ˡᵃ ᶠˡᵒˈɾⁱðᵃ] "ˡᵃⁿᵈ ᵒᶠ ᶠˡᵒʷᵉʳˢ"⁾ ᵘᵖᵒⁿ ˡᵃⁿᵈⁱⁿᵍ ᵗʰᵉʳᵉ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᴱᵃˢᵗᵉʳ ˢᵉᵃˢᵒⁿ, ᴾᵃˢᶜᵘᵃ ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ – ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ʷᵃˢ ᵃ ᶜʰᵃˡˡᵉⁿᵍᵉ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗʰᵉ ᴱᵘʳᵒᵖᵉᵃⁿ ᶜᵒˡᵒⁿⁱᵃˡ ᵖᵒʷᵉʳˢ ᵇᵉᶠᵒʳᵉ ⁱᵗ ᵍᵃⁱⁿᵉᵈ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉʰᵒᵒᵈ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵁⁿⁱᵗᵉᵈ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉˢ ⁱⁿ ¹⁸⁴⁵. ᴵᵗ ʷᵃˢ ᵃ ᵖʳⁱⁿᶜⁱᵖᵃˡ ˡᵒᶜᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ˢᵉᵐⁱⁿᵒˡᵉ ᵂᵃʳˢ ᵃᵍᵃⁱⁿˢᵗ ᵗʰᵉ ᴺᵃᵗⁱᵛᵉ ᴬᵐᵉʳⁱᶜᵃⁿˢ, ᵃⁿᵈ ʳᵃᶜⁱᵃˡ ˢᵉᵍʳᵉᵍᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵃᶠᵗᵉʳ ᵗʰᵉ ᴬᵐᵉʳⁱᶜᵃⁿ ᶜⁱᵛⁱˡ ᵂᵃʳ. ᵀᵒᵈᵃʸ, ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ⁱˢ ᵈⁱˢᵗⁱⁿᶜᵗⁱᵛᵉ ᶠᵒʳ ⁱᵗˢ ˡᵃʳᵍᵉ ᶜᵘᵇᵃⁿ ᵉˣᵖᵃᵗʳⁱᵃᵗᵉ ᶜᵒᵐᵐᵘⁿⁱᵗʸ ᵃⁿᵈ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵖᵒᵖᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵍʳᵒʷᵗʰ, ᵃˢ ʷᵉˡˡ ᵃˢ ᶠᵒʳ ⁱᵗˢ ⁱⁿᶜʳᵉᵃˢⁱⁿᵍ ᵉⁿᵛⁱʳᵒⁿᵐᵉⁿᵗᵃˡ ⁱˢˢᵘᵉˢ. ᵀʰᵉ ˢᵗᵃᵗᵉ'ˢ ᵉᶜᵒⁿᵒᵐʸ ʳᵉˡⁱᵉˢ ᵐᵃⁱⁿˡʸ ᵒⁿ ᵗᵒᵘʳⁱˢᵐ, ᵃᵍʳⁱᶜᵘˡᵗᵘʳᵉ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵃⁿˢᵖᵒʳᵗᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ, ʷʰⁱᶜʰ ᵈᵉᵛᵉˡᵒᵖᵉᵈ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ˡᵃᵗᵉ ¹⁹ᵗʰ ᶜᵉⁿᵗᵘʳʸ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ⁱˢ ᵃˡˢᵒ ʳᵉⁿᵒʷⁿᵉᵈ ᶠᵒʳ ᵃᵐᵘˢᵉᵐᵉⁿᵗ ᵖᵃʳᵏˢ, ᵒʳᵃⁿᵍᵉ ᶜʳᵒᵖˢ, ᵗʰᵉ ᴷᵉⁿⁿᵉᵈʸ ˢᵖᵃᶜᵉ ᶜᵉⁿᵗᵉʳ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᵃˢ ᵃ ᵖᵒᵖᵘˡᵃʳ ᵈᵉˢᵗⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᶠᵒʳ ʳᵉᵗⁱʳᵉᵉˢ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ᶜᵘˡᵗᵘʳᵉ ⁱˢ ᵃ ʳᵉᶠˡᵉᶜᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ⁱⁿᶠˡᵘᵉⁿᶜᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵐᵘˡᵗⁱᵖˡᵉ ⁱⁿʰᵉʳⁱᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ; ᴬᶠʳⁱᶜᵃⁿ, ᴱᵘʳᵒᵖᵉᵃⁿ, ⁱⁿᵈⁱᵍᵉⁿᵒᵘˢ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᴸᵃᵗⁱⁿᵒ ʰᵉʳⁱᵗᵃᵍᵉˢ ᶜᵃⁿ ᵇᵉ ᶠᵒᵘⁿᵈ ⁱⁿ ᵗʰᵉ ᵃʳᶜʰⁱᵗᵉᶜᵗᵘʳᵉ ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜᵘⁱˢⁱⁿᵉ. ᶠˡᵒʳⁱᵈᵃ ʰᵃˢ ᵃᵗᵗʳᵃᶜᵗᵉᵈ ᵐᵃⁿʸ ʷʳⁱᵗᵉʳˢ ˢᵘᶜʰ ᵃˢ ᴹᵃʳʲᵒʳⁱᵉ ᴷⁱⁿⁿᵃⁿ ᴿᵃʷˡⁱⁿᵍˢ, ᴱʳⁿᵉˢᵗ ᴴᵉᵐⁱⁿᵍʷᵃʸ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵀᵉⁿⁿᵉˢˢᵉᵉ ᵂⁱˡˡⁱᵃᵐˢ, ᵃⁿᵈ ᶜᵒⁿᵗⁱⁿᵘᵉˢ ᵗᵒ ᵃᵗᵗʳᵃᶜᵗ ᶜᵉˡᵉᵇʳⁱᵗⁱᵉˢ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵃᵗʰˡᵉᵗᵉˢ. ᴵᵗ ⁱˢ ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡˡʸ ᵏⁿᵒʷⁿ ᶠᵒʳ ᵍᵒˡᶠ, ᵗᵉⁿⁿⁱˢ, ᵃᵘᵗᵒ ʳᵃᶜⁱⁿᵍ ᵃⁿᵈ ʷᵃᵗᵉʳ ˢᵖᵒʳᵗˢ.

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣶⡶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⡟⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣉⣉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠹⢿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⠿⠏⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⡾⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⣶⣶⣌⠙⠻⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⡿⠿⢛⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣷⣯⠻⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣾⡿⠿⠀⠀⣠⣶⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣷⣆⠈⠻⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢶⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣷⡈⠻⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣿⡿⠁⠀⢠⣾⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⡄⢹⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣷⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⢷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡄⢹⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣼⣿⠁⠀⢰⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣄⢹⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡟⠿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⠷⢶⣦⡄⠀⣹⢿⣾⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⣿⣿⡟⠃⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣽⣿⣌⢿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⢛⣷⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⢹⣷⠀⣿⣇⣈⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⢸⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣿⣋⡿⢻⣿⣿⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⡆⠘⢿⣧⣀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣆⠻⠏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠳⣦⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⢠⣤⣾⠟⠉⠁⢀⣀⣠⣤⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⡿⣿⡎⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡿⠁⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣏⣭⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣷⢻⣿⣹⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡅⠀⢻⣿⣧⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡿⣿⡿⠛⠉⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣎⣿⡏⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠹⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣆⠈⢿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⣷⠻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢿⣷⢸⣿⡋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣧⡘⣿⡇⠀ ⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣴⣾⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣷⣿⣧⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⣿⣍⠀⠀⠈⣿⣆⢿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠈⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⠀⠀⠘⣿⡄⠹⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⡿⠁⠀⣀⣠⣶⡆⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣷⣾⢶⣿⡄⠈⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⣿⡀⠙⢿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⢶⣾⣿⣿⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣷⠀ ⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡿⠁⢀⣼⣿⠃⢀⣈⣉⣤⣶⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣬⣿⣿⣆⠀⠹⣿⣄⠀⠙⢿⣦⣀⣀⣰⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⠋⠉⣿⣷⣸⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⢸⡇⣿⣿⡇⢠⣼⣯⣷⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣾⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣘⣿⣷⡆⠈⢿⣷⡄⠀⠙⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡃⠈⠉⣿⣿⣍⣀⣉⣭⣥⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⢻⣿⣧⡀⠙⢿⣦⡀⠹⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⢰⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⢀⡀⠻⣿⣦⡻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⡛⠉⠀⠀⣀⣠⣶⣿⢿⣿⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⠻⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠋⠛⢿⣶⣾⣿⡿⠿⠋⠁⢸⣿⣇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠻⣿⣶⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣦⣀⠈⠻⢿⡇⠀⠀⠸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠃⠀⣤⢀⣸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣙⣿⡿⠛⢿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣧⣄⣴⣾⣧⣤⣄⣀⡹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣦⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣾⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀

⣠⣴⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡟⢿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣈⡴⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠛⣭⠄⠀⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠘⣿⡟⢳⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⢿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣧⣿⡧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢳⣤⣿⠟⣉⣁⣴⣶⣶⣿⡏⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣄⣀⣈⣽⠛⠁⠀⠈⠹⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣋⣄⡉⠉⠋⠰⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠹⣿⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠿⠙⠋⠁⢹⣷⣾⠇⠀⠤⠤⣄⠀⠀⠻⡝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡴⠚⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣄⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣦⣤⣶⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⣿⠛⠛⣿⡿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆ ⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣦⣟⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⡀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣇⠙⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣎⡇⢸⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡇⣿⢿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⡟⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣇⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀congrats on getting sunghooned !!