Tʜᴇ Iɴᴛᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ Tʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ Cᴏᴍᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ʜᴀs sᴛᴜᴅɪᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏ̨ᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀᴛᴇ ᴏғ ᴜɴ-ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴇᴅ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs, ʙᴇᴀʀɪɴɢ ɪɴ ᴍɪɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ “ʜɪᴇʀᴀʀᴄʜʏ ᴏғ ᴛʀᴜᴛʜs” ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsᴀʟ sᴀʟᴠɪғɪᴄ ᴡɪʟʟ ᴏғ Gᴏᴅ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴄɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴsᴜᴘᴇʀᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ Cʜʀɪsᴛ, ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴄʀᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴀʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏʀᴅᴇʀ ᴏғ sᴀʟᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴀʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ Oʀɪɢɪɴᴀʟ Sɪɴ. Iɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇᴍᴘᴏʀᴀʀʏ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇxᴛ ᴏғ ᴄᴜʟᴛᴜʀᴀʟ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠɪsᴍ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇʟɪɢɪᴏᴜs ᴘʟᴜʀᴀʟɪsᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ɴᴏɴ-ʙᴀᴘᴛɪᴢᴇᴅ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs ʜᴀs ɢʀᴏᴡɴ ᴄᴏɴsɪᴅᴇʀᴀʙʟʏ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏssɪʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ sᴀʟᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs ʜᴀs ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴜʀɢᴇɴᴛ. Tʜᴇ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ ɪs ᴄᴏɴsᴄɪᴏᴜs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜɪs sᴀʟᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ɪs ᴀᴛᴛᴀɪɴᴀʙʟᴇ ᴏɴʟʏ ɪɴ Cʜʀɪsᴛ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛʜᴇ Sᴘɪʀɪᴛ. Bᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ, ᴀs ᴍᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛᴇᴀᴄʜᴇʀ, ᴄᴀɴɴᴏᴛ ғᴀɪʟ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛ ᴜᴘᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀᴛᴇ ᴏғ ᴀʟʟ ᴍᴇɴ, ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴍᴀɢᴇ ᴏғ Gᴏᴅ, ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴀ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴡᴀʏ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀᴛᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴇᴀᴋᴇsᴛ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ғᴀᴍɪʟʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴏsᴇ ᴡʜᴏ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ʏᴇᴛ ᴀʙʟᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴜsᴇ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ʀᴇᴀsᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ғʀᴇᴇᴅᴏᴍ.
Iᴛ ɪs ᴄʟᴇᴀʀ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴀᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴛᴇᴀᴄʜɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ᴛʜɪs ᴛᴏᴘɪᴄ ʜᴀs ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ᴏғ ʟɪᴍʙᴏ
ᴜɴᴅᴇʀsᴛᴏᴏᴅ ᴀs ᴀ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇs ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴜʟs ᴏғ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs ᴡʜᴏ ᴅɪᴇ sᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴏʀɪɢɪɴᴀʟ sɪɴ ᴀɴᴅ
ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴡʜᴏ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ, ɴᴇɪᴛʜᴇʀ ᴍᴇʀɪᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴇᴀᴛɪғɪᴄ ᴠɪsɪᴏɴ, ɴᴏʀ ʏᴇᴛ ᴀʀᴇ sᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴʏ ᴘᴜɴɪsʜᴍᴇɴᴛ
ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ɢᴜɪʟᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴀɴʏ ᴘᴇʀsᴏɴᴀʟ sɪɴ. Tʜɪs ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ, ᴇʟᴀʙᴏʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴀɴs ʙᴇɢɪɴɴɪɴɢ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ Mɪᴅᴅʟᴇ Aɢᴇs
ɴᴇᴠᴇʀ ᴇɴᴛᴇʀᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴏɢᴍᴀᴛɪᴄ ᴅᴇғɪɴɪᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Mᴀɢɪsᴛᴇʀɪᴜᴍ, ᴇᴠᴇɴ ɪғ ᴛʜᴀᴛ sᴀᴍᴇ Mᴀɢɪsᴛᴇʀɪᴜᴍ ᴅɪᴅ ᴀᴛ ᴛɪᴍᴇs ᴍᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ɪɴ ɪᴛ
s ᴏʀᴅɪɴᴀʀʏ ᴛᴇᴀᴄʜɪɴɢ ᴜᴘ ᴜɴᴛɪʟ ᴛʜᴇ Sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ Vᴀᴛɪᴄᴀɴ Cᴏᴜɴᴄɪʟ. Iᴛ ʀᴇᴍᴀɪɴs ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴀ ᴘᴏssɪʙʟᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ʜʏᴘᴏᴛʜᴇsɪs. Hᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ Cᴀᴛᴇᴄʜɪsᴍ
ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Cᴀᴛʜᴏʟɪᴄ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ (1992), ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʀʏ ᴏғ ʟɪᴍʙᴏ ɪs ɴᴏᴛ ᴍᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴᴇᴅ. Rᴀᴛʜᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴇ Cᴀᴛᴇᴄʜɪsᴍ ᴛᴇᴀᴄʜᴇs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs ᴡʜᴏ ᴅɪᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ ᴀʀᴇ
ᴇɴᴛʀᴜsᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴄʏ ᴏғ Gᴏᴅ, ᴀs ɪs sʜᴏᴡɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ғᴜɴᴇʀᴀʟ ʀɪᴛᴇ ғᴏʀ sᴜᴄʜ ᴄʜɪʟᴅʀᴇɴ. Tʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ Gᴏᴅ ᴅᴇsɪʀᴇs ᴛʜᴇ
sᴀʟᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴀʟʟ ᴘᴇᴏᴘʟᴇ ɢɪᴠᴇs ʀɪsᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ʜᴏᴘᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴘᴀᴛʜ ᴛᴏ sᴀʟᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴏʀ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs ᴡʜᴏ ᴅɪᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ (ᴄғ. CCC, 1261)
ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇғᴏʀᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴅᴇsɪʀᴇ ᴛᴏ ғɪɴᴅ ᴀ ᴄᴏʜᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪᴠᴇʀsᴇ ᴀғғɪʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Cᴀᴛʜᴏʟɪᴄ ғᴀɪᴛʜ:
ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsᴀʟ sᴀʟᴠɪғɪᴄ ᴡɪʟʟ ᴏғ Gᴏᴅ; ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴄɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴅɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ Cʜʀɪsᴛ; ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴄᴇssɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ ғᴏʀ sᴀʟᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ; ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsᴀʟ ᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɢʀᴀᴄᴇ
ɪɴ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴄʀᴀᴍᴇɴᴛs; ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪɴᴋ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴏʀɪɢɪɴᴀʟ sɪɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇᴘʀɪᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʙᴇᴀᴛɪғɪᴄ ᴠɪsɪᴏɴ; ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴍᴀɴ “ɪɴ Cʜʀɪsᴛ”.
Tʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴄʟᴜsɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜɪs sᴛᴜᴅʏ ɪs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ʟɪᴛᴜʀɢɪᴄᴀʟ ʀᴇᴀsᴏɴs
ᴛᴏ ʜᴏᴘᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs ᴡʜᴏ ᴅɪᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ ᴍᴀʏ
ʙᴇ sᴀᴠᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ʙʀᴏᴜɢʜᴛ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴇᴛᴇʀɴᴀʟ ʜᴀᴘᴘɪɴᴇss
ᴇᴠᴇɴ ɪғ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ɴᴏᴛ ᴀɴ ᴇxᴘʟɪᴄɪᴛ ᴛᴇᴀᴄʜɪɴɢ ᴏɴ ᴛʜɪs
ᴏ̨ᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ғᴏᴜɴᴅ ɪɴ Rᴇᴠᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. Hᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ɴᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴsɪᴅᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴘʀᴏᴘᴏsᴇᴅ
ɪɴ ᴛʜɪs ᴛᴇxᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴍᴏᴛɪᴠᴀᴛᴇ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴀᴘᴘʀᴏᴀᴄʜ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏ̨ᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ᴍᴀʏ ʙᴇ ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ɴᴇɢᴀᴛᴇ
ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴄᴇssɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ, ɴᴏʀ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇʟᴀʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏɴғᴇʀʀᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴄʀᴀᴍᴇɴᴛ.
Rᴀᴛʜᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ʀᴇᴀsᴏɴs ᴛᴏ ʜᴏᴘᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ Gᴏᴅ ᴡɪʟʟ sᴀᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs
ᴘʀᴇᴄɪsᴇʟʏ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ɪᴛ ᴡᴀs ɴᴏᴛ ᴘᴏssɪʙʟᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴏ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇᴍ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴡʜᴀᴛ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ
ʜᴀᴠᴇ ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴅᴇsɪʀᴀʙʟᴇ— ᴛᴏ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪᴢᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴍ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀɪᴛʜ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ
ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴄᴏʀᴘᴏʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴍ ᴠɪsɪʙʟʏ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ Bᴏᴅʏ ᴏғ Cʜʀɪsᴛ.
Fɪɴᴀʟʟʏ, ᴀɴ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅᴏʟᴏɢʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇxᴛ
ɪs ɴᴇᴄᴇssᴀʀʏ. Tʜᴇ ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜɪs ᴛʜᴇᴍᴇ ᴍᴜsᴛ ʙᴇ ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇᴅ
ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜɪsᴛᴏʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀɪᴛʜ. Aᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ
ᴛᴏ Dᴇɪ Vᴇʀʙᴜᴍ 8, ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜɪs ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴍᴇɴᴛ
ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴜᴅʏ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀɪᴛʜғᴜʟ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴇxᴘᴇʀɪᴇɴᴄᴇ ᴏғ sᴘɪʀɪᴛᴜᴀʟ ᴛʜɪɴɢs
ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇᴀᴄʜɪɴɢ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Mᴀɢɪsᴛᴇʀɪᴜᴍ. Wʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏ̨ᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɪɴғᴀɴᴛs
ᴡʜᴏ ᴅɪᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ʙᴀᴘᴛɪsᴍ ᴡᴀs ғɪʀsᴛ ᴛᴀᴋᴇɴ ᴜᴘ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜɪsᴛᴏʀʏ ᴏғ Cʜʀɪsᴛɪᴀɴ ᴛʜᴏᴜɢʜᴛ, ɪᴛ ɪs
ᴘᴏssɪʙʟᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴏᴄᴛʀɪɴᴀʟ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏ̨ᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏʀ ɪᴛs ɪᴍᴘʟɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ғᴜʟʟʏ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀsᴛᴏᴏᴅ.
Oɴʟʏ ᴡʜᴇɴ sᴇᴇɴ ɪɴ ʟɪɢʜᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʜɪsᴛᴏʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴅᴇᴠᴇʟᴏᴘᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢʏ ᴏᴠᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴜʀsᴇ ᴏғ ᴛɪᴍᴇ ᴜɴᴛɪʟ Vᴀᴛɪᴄᴀɴ II
ᴅᴏᴇs ᴛʜɪs sᴘᴇᴄɪғɪᴄ ᴏ̨ᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ ғɪɴᴅ ɪᴛs ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴇxᴛ ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ Cᴀᴛʜᴏʟɪᴄ ᴅᴏᴄᴛʀɪɴᴇ. Oɴʟʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜɪs ᴡᴀʏ - ᴀɴᴅ ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠɪɴɢ
ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʜɪᴇʀᴀʀᴄʜʏ ᴏғ ᴛʀᴜᴛʜs ᴍᴇɴᴛɪᴏɴᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ Dᴇᴄʀᴇᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ Vᴀᴛɪᴄᴀɴ Cᴏᴜɴᴄɪʟ Uɴɪᴛᴀᴛɪs ʀᴇᴅɪɴᴛᴇɢʀᴀᴛɪᴏ (#11) – ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴏᴘɪᴄ
ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ʀᴇᴄᴏɴsɪᴅᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴇxᴘʟɪᴄɪᴛʟʏ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʟᴏʙᴀʟ ʜᴏʀɪᴢᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀɪᴛʜ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ Cʜᴜʀᴄʜ. Tʜɪs Dᴏᴄᴜᴍᴇɴᴛ, ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ᴏғ ᴠɪᴇᴡ ᴏғ sᴘᴇᴄᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴏʟᴏɢʏ
ᴀs ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴀs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘᴀsᴛᴏʀᴀʟ ᴘᴇʀsᴘᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ, ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜᴛᴇs ғᴏʀ ᴀ ᴜsᴇғᴜʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛɪᴍᴇʟʏ ᴍᴇᴀɴ ғᴏʀ ᴅᴇᴇᴘᴇɴɪɴɢ ᴏᴜʀ ᴜɴᴅᴇʀsᴛᴀɴᴅɪɴɢ
ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏʙʟᴇᴍ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɪs ɴᴏᴛ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴀ ᴍᴀᴛᴛᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴅᴏᴄᴛʀɪɴᴇ, ʙᴜᴛ ᴀʟsᴏ ᴏғ ᴘᴀsᴛᴏʀᴀʟ ᴘʀɪᴏʀɪᴛʏ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʀɴ ᴇʀᴀ.
